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What is the effect of decreased muscle tone and strength in late adulthood?
Leads to reduced mobility, increased risk of falls, and decreased ability to perform daily activities.
What is the effect of menopause on women?
End of menstruation, decline in fertility, and potential physical and emotional symptoms.
What is the effect of not resolving the Identity vs. Confusion stage?
Confusion about one's self and place in the world.
What is the effect of successfully resolving the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage?
The ability to form intimate, loving relationships.
What is the effect of decreased bone density?
Increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
What is the effect of diminished senses in late adulthood?
Increased risk of accidents, social isolation, and difficulty performing daily tasks.
What is the effect of a lack of fulfillment in adulthood?
Can lead to despair.
What is the effect of increased independence in emerging adulthood?
Exploration of roles, identities, and ideologies.
What is the effect of decreased ability to regulate body temperature?
Increased risk of hypothermia and heatstroke.
What is the effect of successfully resolving the Integrity vs. Despair stage?
A sense of satisfaction and acceptance of one's life.
What is Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
A theory that outlines eight stages of development from infancy to late adulthood, each with a unique psychosocial task.
Explain the concept of the social clock.
Societal expectations for when major life events (marriage, career, etc.) should occur, influencing feelings of satisfaction or stress.
What are the key characteristics of emerging adulthood?
Increased independence, exploration of identity, pursuit of education/career, and forming relationships.
What happens to long-term memory in late adulthood?
Long-term memories remain relatively intact compared to short-term memory decline.
What is the focus of commitments in adulthood?
Commitments focus on love and achievement.
What is the impact of lifestyle choices on physical and mental decline?
Lifestyle choices can significantly impact the rate of physical and mental decline.
What is the main task in young adulthood according to Erikson?
To develop the capacity to form intimate relationships or face isolation.
What is the main task in middle adulthood according to Erikson?
To experience a sense of contribution through family and work (generativity) or feel a lack of purpose (stagnation).
What is the main task in late adulthood according to Erikson?
Reflecting on life and feeling either satisfaction (integrity) or despair.
What is the impact of facing death?
Facing death can lead to better acceptance of it.
Compare generativity and stagnation.
Generativity involves contributing to the world, while stagnation involves feeling a lack of purpose.
Compare integrity and despair.
Integrity involves feeling satisfaction with one's life, while despair involves feeling regret and dissatisfaction.
Compare physical changes in middle adulthood versus late adulthood.
Middle adulthood involves gradual decline, while late adulthood involves more pronounced decline and increased health complications.
Compare the focus of young adulthood and middle adulthood according to Erikson.
Young adulthood focuses on intimacy vs. isolation, while middle adulthood focuses on generativity vs. stagnation.
Compare trust vs. mistrust and integrity vs. despair.
Trust vs. mistrust is the first stage, setting the foundation for relationships, while integrity vs. despair is the final stage, reflecting on life's overall satisfaction.
Compare initiative vs. guilt and competence vs. inferiority.
Initiative vs. guilt involves taking on tasks and feeling confident, while competence vs. inferiority involves applying oneself and feeling capable.
Compare autonomy vs. shame and doubt and identity vs. confusion.
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt involves developing confidence to explore, while identity vs. confusion involves finding a sense of self.
Compare the impact of physical activity in middle adulthood and late adulthood.
In middle adulthood, it helps maintain health and slow decline, while in late adulthood, it improves mobility and overall well-being.
Compare the role of social connections in young adulthood and late adulthood.
In young adulthood, social connections are crucial for intimacy, while in late adulthood, they provide support and combat isolation.
Compare the challenges of emerging adulthood and middle adulthood.
Emerging adulthood involves identity exploration and career establishment, while middle adulthood involves generativity and managing physical changes.