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What are the stages of the physical sexual response cycle?
Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, Resolution.
What is the core idea of Instinct Theory?
Behaviors are driven by instincts, which are innate and aid survival.
What is the focus of Instinct Theory?
Survival and adaptation; motivated to pass on our genes.
What is the core idea of Drive-Reduction Theory?
We are motivated to reduce internal tension caused by unmet needs to maintain balance.
What are push and pull factors in Drive-Reduction Theory?
Push: Motivate us to get away from bad things. Pull: Motivate us to work toward good things.
What is the core idea of Optimal Arousal Theory?
We are motivated to seek an optimal level of stimulation; finding the sweet spot of excitement.
What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?
Moderate arousal leads to optimal performance; too little or too much arousal hurts performance.
What is the core idea of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
We are motivated to fulfill a hierarchy of needs, from basic to self-actualization.
What are the levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
Physiological, Safety, Belongingness, Self-Esteem, Self-Actualization.
What is the Lateral Hypothalamus' role in eating?
Activates eating; the 'start eating' button.
What is the Ventromedial Hypothalamus' role in eating?
Stops eating; the 'stop eating' button.
What is the effect of external rewards on intrinsic motivation?
External rewards can decrease intrinsic motivation due to the overjustification effect.
What is the effect of damage to the lateral hypothalamus?
Can lead to extreme eating issues due to its role in activating eating.
What is the effect of damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus?
Can lead to extreme eating issues due to its role in stopping eating.
What is the effect of high achievement motivation?
A strong desire to succeed, challenge oneself, and reach goals, leading to striving for excellence.
What is the effect of unmet needs according to Drive-Reduction Theory?
Internal tension that motivates us to reduce the tension and restore balance (homeostasis).
What is the effect of moderate arousal on performance?
Optimal performance, according to the Yerkes-Dodson Law.
What is the effect of low or high arousal on performance?
Poor performance, according to the Yerkes-Dodson Law.
What is the effect of fulfilling lower-level needs on higher-level needs?
Fulfilling lower-level needs in Maslow's hierarchy allows individuals to focus on and pursue higher-level needs.
What is the effect of the set-point theory on eating behavior?
The hypothalamus adjusts hunger and metabolic rate to maintain a certain body weight.
What is the effect of hormones and erotic material on sexual desire?
Can influence sexual desire.