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How can the behavioral approach explain phobias?
Phobias can be seen as a result of classical conditioning (e.g., Little Albert).
How is the biological approach applied to depression?
Imbalances in neurotransmitters like serotonin are linked to depression.
How does the cognitive approach explain anxiety disorders?
Anxiety disorders often involve maladaptive thought patterns, such as catastrophizing.
How does the evolutionary approach explain anxiety?
Anxiety can be seen as an evolved response that helped our ancestors survive.
How does the humanistic approach explain anxiety?
Anxiety can stem from not having an environment that fosters growth and self-actualization.
How does the psychodynamic approach explain anxiety?
Anxiety can be seen as a result of unresolved childhood conflicts.
How does the sociocultural approach explain anxiety?
Expressions of anxiety can vary across different cultures.
How can diagnostic labels be empowering?
Labels can help people understand their symptoms and seek appropriate treatment.
How can diagnostic labels lead to self-fulfilling prophecies?
Individuals may start to behave in ways that align with their diagnosis.
How can the biopsychosocial approach be used to understand depression?
Depression could be due to a genetic predisposition, negative thought patterns, and a lack of social support.
Define Behavioral Approach.
Studies observable behaviors and how they are learned through conditioning.
Define Biological Approach.
Behavior is based on physical processes such as the brain, hormones, and chemicals.
Define Biopsychosocial Approach.
Looks at biological, psychological, and social factors to understand behavior.
Define Cognitive Approach.
Thought processes impact the way people behave.
Define Evolutionary Approach.
Uses evolutionary biology to explain human behavior and survival of genes.
Define Humanistic Approach.
Humans have free will and the ability to grow, striving to reach self-actualization.
Define Psychodynamic Approach.
Focuses on the study of the unconscious mind and past experiences.
Define Sociocultural Approach.
Studies how thinking and behavior vary across cultures and situations.
Define Self-actualization.
The process of fulfilling one's potential and achieving personal growth.
Define Stigma in the context of mental illness.
Negative attitudes, beliefs, and discrimination directed towards individuals with mental illness.
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through associations between stimuli and responses. (Pavlov, Little Albert)
What is the key idea of the biological approach?
Biological factors, like neurotransmitters and genetics, are the root of behavior.
What is the key idea of the cognitive approach?
Our thoughts shape our behavior; maladaptive thoughts can lead to disorders.
What is the key idea of the evolutionary approach?
Behaviors that promote survival are passed down through generations.
What is the key idea of the humanistic approach?
Humans are inherently good and strive to reach their full potential.
What is the key idea of the psychodynamic approach?
Unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences shape behavior.
What is the key idea of the sociocultural approach?
Behavior is shaped by cultural norms and social contexts.
What is the main point of the Rosenhan study?
Demonstrated the power of diagnostic labels and how they can influence perceptions of behavior.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
An integrative approach considering biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding health and illness.
Explain the concept of 'unconditional positive regard'.
Accepting and supporting a person regardless of what they say or do, central to the humanistic approach.