What is *culteranismo*?
An ornate, sophisticated literary style characterized by complex metaphors and classical allusions, popular during the Spanish Baroque period.
What does *an谩fora* mean?
Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.
What is *hip茅rbaton*?
The inversion of the normal order of words, often used for emphasis or artistic effect.
What does *carpe diem* mean?
A Latin phrase meaning 'seize the day,' urging one to enjoy the present without worrying about the future.
What does *memento mori* mean?
A Latin phrase meaning 'remember you must die,' serving as a reminder of mortality.
What is *ap贸strofe*?
A figure of speech in which the speaker addresses an absent person, an idea, or a thing.
What is *cromatismo*?
The use of color imagery to create visual richness and enhance the sensory experience.
What is *gradaci贸n*?
The arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an ascending order of importance or intensity.
What is *as铆ndeton*?
The omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses.
What is *enumeraci贸n*?
A listing of items in a series.
What is *endecas铆labo*?
A line of verse containing eleven syllables.
Explain the use of *hip茅rbaton* in Baroque poetry.
It is used to create emphasis, artistic flair, and to showcase the author's skill with language. It disrupts the normal word order to highlight specific elements.
What is the structure of a *soneto*?
A sonnet consists of 14 lines, typically divided into two quartets (four-line stanzas) and two tercets (three-line stanzas).
Describe *rima consonante*.
Rhyme in which the final consonants and vowels of the rhyming words are identical.
How does G贸ngora use *an谩fora* in the poem?
The repetition of "Mientras..." at the beginning of several lines emphasizes the speaker's admiration and creates a rhythmic effect.
Explain the significance of *endecas铆labo* in Spanish sonnets.
The eleven-syllable verse provides a formal structure and melody, contributing to the sonnet's overall rhythm and aesthetic appeal.
How is *met谩fora* used to describe the woman's hair?
Comparisons to natural elements like the sun, stars, gold, and silk are used to highlight the hair's beauty and value.
What is the effect of *as铆ndeton* on the poem's rhythm?
The omission of conjunctions creates a quick and fluid rhythm, enhancing the poem's flow.
How does *gradaci贸n* contribute to the poem's meaning?
The use of increasingly beautiful descriptions highlights the hair's fleeting beauty and emphasizes the theme of transience.
Explain the use of *enumeraci贸n* in the poem.
Listing different natural elements emphasizes the hair's unparalleled beauty and creates a sense of abundance.
How does the use of *ap贸strofe* affect the tone of the poem?
Directly addressing the beloved's hair creates a tone of adoration and intimacy, emphasizing the speaker's admiration.
What is the historical significance of the Spanish Golden Age?
It was a period of great artistic and cultural flourishing in Spain, marked by exploration, colonization, and the rise of major literary figures like G贸ngora.
How did the Habsburg monarchy influence Spanish culture?
The Habsburg rulers were major patrons of the arts, supporting artists and writers and contributing to the cultural richness of the period.
What is the cultural significance of *el tiempo y el espacio* in Baroque poetry?
Baroque poetry often reflects on the fleeting nature of time and the vastness of space, emphasizing the brevity of human existence.
How do *carpe diem* and *memento mori* reflect Baroque values?
These themes highlight the Baroque concern with enjoying the present moment while acknowledging the inevitability of death, urging a balance between pleasure and awareness of mortality.
What role did patrons play in G贸ngora's life and work?
As a member of the nobility, G贸ngora relied on wealthy patrons for support, allowing him to dedicate himself to his poetry.
How does G贸ngora's poetry reflect the cultural values of the Spanish Baroque period?
His work embodies the Baroque emphasis on elaborate language, complex metaphors, and themes of love, beauty, and the transience of life.
What is the significance of Andalusia in G贸ngora's work?
The natural beauty of Andalusia, with its rivers, mountains, and valleys, served as a major source of inspiration for G贸ngora's poems.
How did the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War impact Spanish society?
These major conflicts influenced the political and economic climate of Spain, shaping the cultural and artistic landscape of the time.
What does the poem's focus on hair reveal about beauty standards of the time?
The detailed descriptions of hair suggest that it was a highly valued aspect of feminine beauty, symbolizing grace and allure.
What is the lasting impact of Soneto CLXVI on Spanish literature?
It is considered a masterpiece of Spanish Baroque literature, inspiring countless imitations and adaptations and solidifying G贸ngora's place as a major literary figure.
