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What is the definition of Simple Random Sample (SRS)?
Every individual and every group of individuals in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
What is the definition of Stratified Random Sample?
The population is divided into strata (groups) based on shared characteristics, then an SRS is taken from each stratum.
What is the definition of Cluster Sample?
The population is divided into clusters (groups), a few clusters are randomly selected, and then everyone in those clusters is sampled.
What is the definition of Systematic Random Sample?
A random starting point is chosen, then every kth member of the population is selected.
What is 'sampling without replacement'?
Once an individual is chosen, they cannot be chosen again.
What is 'sampling with replacement'?
An individual can be chosen multiple times.
Explain the concept of Simple Random Sampling.
Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. It's like picking names out of a hat.
Explain the concept of Stratified Random Sampling.
Divide the population into subgroups (strata) and then take a random sample from each subgroup. This ensures representation from all subgroups.
Explain the concept of Cluster Sampling.
Divide the population into clusters, randomly select a few clusters, and sample everyone within those selected clusters.
Explain the concept of Systematic Random Sampling.
Select a random starting point from the population and then select every kth member after that.
Explain the importance of random sampling.
Random sampling helps to avoid bias and ensures that the sample is representative of the population, allowing for accurate inferences.
What is the goal of sampling?
The goal of sampling is to get a representative sample of the population so that we can make accurate inferences about the population based on the sample data.
What are the differences between Stratified and Cluster Sampling?
Stratified: Divide into strata, sample *from all* strata. | Cluster: Divide into clusters, sample *all within some* clusters.
What are the key differences between SRS and Systematic Sampling?
SRS: Every individual has an equal chance of selection. | Systematic: Select every kth member after a random starting point.
Compare sampling with replacement and sampling without replacement.
With Replacement: An individual can be selected multiple times. | Without Replacement: An individual can only be selected once.
What are the differences between SRS and Stratified Random Sampling?
SRS: Simple, but may not represent subgroups well. | Stratified: Ensures representation of subgroups, more complex.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Cluster Sampling?
Advantage: Cost-effective when sampling individuals is difficult. | Disadvantage: Clusters must be representative to avoid bias.