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What is Federalism?
Division of power between national and state governments.
Define Enumerated Powers.
Specifically listed powers of the federal government.
Define Implied Powers.
Powers not explicitly listed but necessary to carry out enumerated powers.
What are Concurrent Powers?
Powers shared by both national and state governments.
What are Natural Rights?
Inherent rights like life, liberty, and property.
Define Limited Government.
Government power restricted by laws and the constitution.
What is Social Contract?
People give up some freedoms for government protection.
Define Checks and Balances.
Each branch can limit the power of the others.
Define Separation of Powers.
Power is divided among the three branches.
What is Judicial Review?
Courts can interpret laws and determine constitutionality.
Differences between enumerated and implied powers?
Enumerated: Specifically listed powers. Implied: Necessary to carry out enumerated.
Differences between Federalists and Anti-Federalists?
Federalists: Supported Constitution. Anti-Federalists: Feared strong central government.
Differences between separation of powers and checks and balances?
Separation: Divides power. Checks: Limits power of each branch.
Differences between a unitary and federal system?
Unitary: Centralized power. Federal: Divided power between national and state.
Differences between delegated and reserved powers?
Delegated: Powers given to the federal government. Reserved: Powers kept by the states.
Differences between direct and representative democracy?
Direct: Citizens vote on policies directly. Representative: Citizens elect representatives.
Differences between civil liberties and civil rights?
Liberties: Protections from government. Rights: Equal protection under the law.
Differences between strict and broad constructionism?
Strict: Literal interpretation of the Constitution. Broad: Flexible interpretation.
Differences between block and categorical grants?
Block: States have broad discretion. Categorical: Specific purpose grants.
Differences between dual and cooperative federalism?
Dual: Clear division of powers. Cooperative: Shared powers and collaboration.
Cause and effect of weak Articles of Confederation?
Cause: Ineffective central government. Effect: Adoption of the Constitution.
Cause and effect of the Commerce Clause?
Cause: Need to regulate interstate trade. Effect: Expansion of federal power.
Cause and effect of federal mandates?
Cause: National standards. Effect: State compliance, sometimes unfunded mandates.
Cause and effect of increased national debt?
Cause: Government spending. Effect: Debates over fiscal policy and federal role.
Cause and effect of increased partisanship?
Cause: Ideological polarization. Effect: Gridlock and difficulty in policymaking.
Cause and effect of technological advancements?
Cause: Innovation and development. Effect: Debates over privacy and government regulation.
Cause and effect of demographic shifts?
Cause: Changing population. Effect: Reapportionment and shifts in political power.
Cause and effect of Supreme Court decisions?
Cause: Legal challenges and interpretation. Effect: Changes in law and policy.
Cause and effect of social movements?
Cause: Grievances and demands for change. Effect: Policy reforms and shifts in public opinion.
Cause and effect of economic recessions?
Cause: Economic downturn. Effect: Increased government intervention and social safety nets.