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What is the definition of Bureaucracy?
The administrative system of the government; the 'how' of government.
What is the definition of Executive Branch?
President, VP, departments, and agencies they oversee; the 'who' that directs the bureaucracy.
What is the definition of Regulatory Agencies?
Independent groups like the EPA or FCC that make and enforce rules.
What is the definition of Civil Service?
The permanent, merit-based workforce of the government.
What is the definition of Red Tape?
Frustrating rules and procedures that can slow things down.
What is the definition of Administrative Law?
The legal framework for how agencies operate.
What is the definition of Rulemaking?
The process of creating regulations, including public input.
What is the definition of Interest Groups?
Organizations that try to influence policy; voices that lobby for specific interests.
What is the definition of Iron Triangle?
Cozy relationship between interest groups, agencies, and congressional committees.
What is the definition of Mission Creep?
When an agency expands its responsibilities beyond its original purpose.
What was the impact of the Pendleton Act (1883)?
Established the merit system, moving away from the spoils system; jobs based on merit, not political favors.
What was the impact of the Hatch Act (1939)?
Limits political activities of federal employees while on the job.
What was the impact of the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989?
Protects employees who report government waste or corruption.
What are the differences between the Spoils System and the Merit System?
Spoils System: Jobs given to friends/supporters, based on patronage | Merit System: Hiring based on qualifications and performance.
What are the differences between Iron Triangles and Issue Networks?
Iron Triangles: Close relationship between congressional committees, bureaucratic agencies, and interest groups | Issue Networks: Broad range of people and organizations interested in a specific policy issue.