Define Discretionary Authority?
Flexibility given to federal agencies to make choices when implementing laws.
Define Rule-Making Authority?
Power to create specific regulations that guide how government programs operate.
What are regulations?
Detailed instructions that clarify requirements and establish accountability for policies.
Define Accountability in bureaucracy?
Establishing specific requirements and consequences for non-compliance in government programs.
What is meant by 'agency oversight'?
The review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies and their programs.
Define 'stakeholders' in policy?
Groups or individuals affected by and/or who can influence a policy or program.
What is 'transparency' in government?
Operating in a way that is easily visible and accessible to the public.
Define 'compliance' in regulation?
Adherence to established rules, laws, and regulations.
What is meant by 'bias' in discretionary authority?
The potential for unfair or prejudiced decisions when implementing laws.
What does 'expertise' mean in bureaucratic context?
Using specialized knowledge to inform agency decisions and actions.
Discretionary vs. Rule-Making Authority?
Discretionary: Flexibility, expert judgment | Rule-Making: Clear guidelines, consistency.
Benefits of Discretionary vs. Rule-Making?
Discretionary: Adapts to needs | Rule-Making: Promotes accountability.
Limitations of Discretionary vs. Rule-Making?
Discretionary: Inconsistency, bias | Rule-Making: Rigid, complex.
Flexibility vs. Specificity in Agencies?
Flexibility: Adapt to situations | Specificity: Ensure clarity and uniformity.
Fairness vs. Consistency in Bureaucracy?
Fairness: Considering diverse needs | Consistency: Applying rules uniformly.
Agency Focus: Discretion vs. Rule-Making?
Discretion: What to prioritize | Rule-Making: How to achieve priorities.
Impact on States: Discretion vs. Rule-Making?
Discretion: Some implementation flexibility | Rule-Making: Must comply with regulations.
Agency Power: Discretion vs. Rule-Making?
Discretion: Interpret laws | Rule-Making: Create regulations.
Department of State vs. Department of Treasury
State: Foreign policy/diplomacy | Treasury: Finances/economic policy
Department of Justice vs. Department of Homeland Security
Justice: Enforces federal laws | Homeland Security: Security/counter-terrorism
Cause/Effect: Agency Discretion?
Cause: Law needs interpretation, Effect: Flexible implementation.
Cause/Effect: Rule-Making Process?
Cause: Need for clarity, Effect: Specific regulations created.
Cause/Effect: Lack of Agency Oversight?
Cause: Limited resources, Effect: Potential for abuse of power.
Cause/Effect: Public Input on Rules?
Cause: Transparency efforts, Effect: More informed regulations.
Cause/Effect: Complex Regulations?
Cause: Need for detail, Effect: Difficulty in compliance.
Cause/Effect: Agency Prioritization?
Cause: Limited resources, Effect: Focus on certain areas.
Cause/Effect: Stakeholder Influence?
Cause: Lobbying efforts, Effect: Policy changes.
Cause/Effect: Inconsistent Rules?
Cause: Vague laws, Effect: Unfair application.
Cause/Effect: Agency Expertise?
Cause: Specialized knowledge, Effect: Informed decisions.
Cause/Effect: Non-Compliance?
Cause: Lack of enforcement, Effect: Program failure.
