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What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?
Ruled that 'separate but equal' is unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and desegregating schools.
What was the significance of Loving v. Virginia (1967)?
Struck down laws banning interracial marriage, affirming equality and personal freedom.
What was the significance of United States v. Korematsu (1944)?
Upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII, a reminder of civil liberty violations in times of crisis.
What was the significance of Reitman v. Mulkey (1967)?
Ruled that California could not repeal fair housing laws, preventing state policies that promote inequality.
What was the significance of Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?
Upheld the use of affirmative action in college admissions with limits, allowing narrowly tailored programs without quotas.
What was the significance of Shaw v. Reno (1993)?
Ruled that districts cannot be drawn solely to create majority-minority districts, checking state power to manipulate districts.
What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
Established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, legalizing segregation for almost 60 years before being overturned.
What was the significance of R. v. Big M Drug Mart Ltd. (1985)?
The Supreme Court of Canada ruled that a law requiring businesses to close on Sundays was unconstitutional because it violated religious freedom.
What is the definition of Minority Rights?
Protections for smaller groups (ethnic, religious, etc.) to prevent them from being overlooked.
What is the definition of Majority Rights?
Protections for the larger group, but should not come at the expense of minority rights.
What is the definition of Reconciliation?
Resolving conflicts and finding common ground after a disagreement.
What is the definition of Trade-off?
A compromise where you give a little to get a little.
What is the definition of Principle?
A fundamental belief that serves as the bedrock of a system.
What is the definition of Respect?
Recognizing everyone's worth; basic human decency.
What is the definition of Protection?
Keeping people safe from harm; a key job of the government.
What is the definition of Background?
Your life experiences that shape who you are.
What is the definition of Identity?
What makes you, you; your unique characteristics.
Define Gerrymandering
Drawing weirdly shaped districts to favor one political party or group.
What was the purpose of affirmative action policies?
To increase representation of underrepresented groups in education and employment.