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Define candidate-centered campaign.
Campaign focusing on the candidate's personal qualities, image, and qualifications.
What is party realignment?
Large-scale shifts in voter allegiance, often after a critical election.
Define critical election.
An election that reveals major long-term changes in party loyalty.
What is a demographic coalition?
Different groups of people that make up a party's base of support.
Define divided government.
One party controls Congress, the other the presidency.
What is targeted advertising?
Tailored messages for specific groups of voters.
Define voter data management.
Collection, analysis, and use of voter information.
What is issue advocacy?
Promoting a particular position or an issue paid for by interest groups or individuals but not directly tied to a particular candidate.
What is voter mobilization?
A party's efforts to inform and encourage its supporters to vote.
Define political independents.
Voters who do not identify with a political party.
Cause and effect of candidate-centered campaigns.
Cause: Decline in party strength. Effect: Increased candidate diversity and voter engagement.
Cause and effect of campaign finance laws.
Cause: Limit corruption. Effect: Parties seek diverse funding; increased transparency.
Cause and effect of critical elections.
Cause: Shift in voter allegiance. Effect: Party realignment and new political landscape.
Cause and effect of new communication technologies.
Cause: Rise of internet and social media. Effect: Targeted advertising and data-driven campaigns.
Cause and effect of parties appealing to demographic coalitions.
Cause: Desire to expand voter base. Effect: Inclusive platforms and targeted messaging.
Cause and effect of divided government.
Cause: Voters split tickets. Effect: Increased political gridlock and compromise.
Cause and effect of increased transparency in campaign finance.
Cause: Campaign finance law. Effect: Increased accountability for contributions.
Cause and effect of restrictions on coordinated spending.
Cause: Campaign finance law. Effect: Parties shift to voter mobilization and issue advocacy.
Cause and effect of the rise of political independents.
Cause: Dissatisfaction with parties. Effect: Increased volatility in elections.
Cause and effect of data-driven campaigns.
Cause: Advances in tech. Effect: Parties predict voter behavior and tailor messages.
What is the goal of campaign finance law?
Balance free speech with preventing corruption.
What is the impact of limitations on campaign contributions?
Forces parties to seek diverse funding sources.
What is the impact of increased transparency in campaign finance?
Requires disclosure of contributions, increasing accountability.
What is the impact of restrictions on coordinated spending?
Parties shift to voter mobilization and issue advocacy.