Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

This study guide covers the foundations of American rights (natural rights, the Bill of Rights, and selective incorporation), First Amendment freedoms (speech, religion, press, and assembly with emphasis on key Supreme Court cases like Tinker, Schenck, Engel, Yoder, and NYT v. US), Second Amendment (right to bear arms, McDonald v. Chicago), due process rights (Miranda, Gideon, and the exclusionary rule), and civil rights (14th Amendment, Brown v. Board, affirmative action, and Title IX). The guide also includes practice questions and exam tips covering time management, common mistakes, and FRQ strategies.