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What were the causes and effects of the introduction of horses to the Americas?
Cause: Columbian Exchange. Effect: Revolutionized transportation and hunting for some Native American tribes.
What were the causes and effects of the introduction of smallpox to the Americas?
Cause: Columbian Exchange. Effect: Decimation of Native American populations, facilitating European colonization.
What were the causes and effects of the influx of gold and silver from the Americas to Europe?
Cause: Spanish Exploration and Conquest. Effect: Fueled European capitalism and trade, accelerating the shift from feudalism.
What were the causes and effects of Native American resistance to European colonization?
Cause: Desire to protect lands and ways of life. Effect: Prolonged conflicts, but ultimately unsuccessful due to disease and superior European technology.
What were the causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange on European population?
Cause: Introduction of new crops like potatoes and corn. Effect: Increased food production and population growth.
What were the causes and effects of European colonization?
Causes: Desire for wealth, power, and resources. Effects: Displacement, exploitation, and cultural disruption of Native American societies.
What were the causes and effects of the lack of immunity in the Americas?
Cause: Isolated ecosystems. Effect: Catastrophic consequences for Native Americans.
What were the causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange on environment?
Cause: Introduction of new species. Effect: Altered ecosystems in both hemispheres.
What were the causes and effects of advanced weaponry in the Americas?
Cause: European technology. Effect: European dominance.
What were the causes and effects of political organization in the Americas?
Cause: European systems of governance. Effect: Establishment and maintenance of control over territories.
Compare the impact of the Columbian Exchange on Europe and the Americas.
Europe experienced population growth and economic prosperity, while the Americas suffered devastating population decline and cultural disruption.
Compare Native American and European views on land ownership.
Native Americans generally held communal views of land ownership, while Europeans emphasized individual private property.
Compare the impact of disease transmission from the Old World to the New World versus the New World to the Old World.
Disease transmission was largely one-way (Old World to New World), and it had catastrophic consequences for Native Americans. Syphilis impacted European well-being, but not as severely.
Compare the advantages of Europeans and Native Americans.
Europeans had diseases, advanced weaponry, and political organization. Native Americans had knowledge of the land.
Compare the impact of new crops on Europe and the Americas.
New crops from the Americas dramatically increased food production in Europe and Asia, fueling population growth. The Americas adopted crops like rice, wheat, and grapes.
Compare the impact of new animals on Europe and the Americas.
The Americas adopted animals like horses, pigs, and cattle. Europe saw little impact.
Compare the Native American and European views on resources.
Native Americans viewed resources as communal, while Europeans viewed resources as commodities.
Compare Native American and European views on culture.
Native Americans had diverse cultures, while Europeans sought to impose their culture.
Compare Native American and European views on society.
Native Americans had diverse societies, while Europeans had more hierarchical societies.
Compare Native American and European views on economy.
Native Americans had diverse economies, while Europeans had a more capitalist economy.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and culture between the Old World (Europe, Asia, Africa) and the New World (the Americas).
Define 'Old World' in the context of the Columbian Exchange.
Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Define 'New World' in the context of the Columbian Exchange.
The Americas.
What is meant by 'biological revolution' in the Columbian Exchange?
The widespread transfer of species (plants, animals, pathogens) that fundamentally altered ecosystems and human societies in both the Old and New Worlds.
Define 'cultural disruption' in the context of colonization.
The alteration or destruction of the traditional ways of life, beliefs, and social structures of a society, often as a result of contact with a dominant culture.
What is meant by 'Native Resistance'?
The various ways in which indigenous groups fought to defend their lands, cultures, and ways of life against European colonization.
Define 'exploitation' in the context of colonization.
The act of using someone or something in an unfair or unethical way for one's own advantage or profit, often involving the extraction of resources or labor.
Define 'displacement' in the context of colonization.
The act of forcibly removing people from their homes or lands, often resulting in the loss of their cultural heritage and traditional ways of life.
What is meant by 'advanced weaponry'?
More sophisticated and powerful tools of combat, such as firearms, cannons, and steel weapons, that gave Europeans a military advantage over Native Americans.
Define 'political organization' in the context of European colonization.
The structured systems of governance, diplomacy, and military strategy that allowed European powers to effectively establish and maintain control over territories in the Americas.