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What were the causes and effects of the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
Causes: Demand for labor in the Americas, European desire for wealth. Effects: Devastation of African societies, development of plantation economies, racial inequalities.
What were the causes and effects of the Encomienda System?
Causes: Spanish colonization, need for labor. Effects: Exploitation of Native Americans, decline in Native American populations.
What were the causes and effects of the Asiento System?
Causes: Decline in Native American populations. Effects: Increased African slave trade, revenue for the Spanish Crown.
What were the causes and effects of the Spanish Caste System?
Causes: Desire to maintain power, racial ideology. Effects: Social hierarchy, discrimination, limited opportunities for non-elites.
What is the Triangular Trade?
A trade network involving Europe, Africa, and the Americas, exchanging manufactured goods, slaves, and raw materials.
What is the Middle Passage?
The brutal journey across the Atlantic for enslaved Africans, characterized by inhumane conditions and high mortality rates.
What is chattel slavery?
A system where slaves are considered property with no legal rights, able to be bought, sold, and inherited.
What is the Encomienda System?
A system where the Spanish Crown granted land and Native Americans to Spanish colonists for labor and conversion to Catholicism.
What is the Asiento System?
A system where the Spanish paid a tax to their king for each slave imported, replacing declining Native American labor.
What is the Spanish Caste System?
A social hierarchy based on race and ethnicity in Spanish colonies, determining social, economic, and political status.
Define 'encomendero'.
A Spanish colonist who was granted land and Native Americans under the encomienda system.
Define 'encomendados'.
Native Americans forced to work for Spanish colonists under the encomienda system.
Define 'Mestizos'.
People of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry in the Spanish colonial system.
What is the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
The forced transportation of millions of Africans to the Americas from the 1500s to the 1800s.
When did the first Africans arrive in Virginia?
1619, initially as indentured servants before the shift to chattel slavery.
What was the significance of the arrival of Africans in Virginia in 1619?
Marks the beginning of African presence in North America, initially as indentured servants before the shift to chattel slavery.
What was the main purpose of the Encomienda system?
To provide labor for Spanish colonists in the Americas and to convert Native Americans to Catholicism.
What was the result of the decline of Native American populations in Spanish colonies?
The Spanish turned to African slave labor, leading to the Asiento system.
What was the main goal of the Spanish conquistadors?
To seek God, glory, and gold in the Americas.
What was the impact of the Spanish caste system?
It determined social, economic, and political status based on race and ethnicity, maintaining power for Spanish elites.
Describe the conditions of the Middle Passage.
Inhumane conditions with overcrowding, disease, and rampant death during the voyage across the Atlantic.
What was the impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on Africa?
Devastating impact due to the loss of millions of people, disruption of societies, and economic exploitation.
What was the impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on the Americas?
Fueled the development of plantation economies, shaped social structures, and led to long-term racial inequalities.
What was the purpose of the Asiento System?
To regulate the importation of African slaves into Spanish colonies and generate revenue for the Spanish Crown.