The founding of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America.

France established a permanent settlement in Quebec.

A revolt by the Pueblo people against Spanish rule in present-day New Mexico, successfully driving them out for 50 years.

A conflict (1754-1763) between Great Britain and France and their respective allies for control of North America. Also known as the Seven Years' War.

It significantly shifted the balance of power in North America, leading to increased British control and rising tensions with the colonies.

Extracting precious metals and converting natives to Catholicism.

Emphasized fur trading and establishing settlements along rivers.

Established colonies along the Atlantic coast, focused on cash crops like tobacco.

Slavery was essential to the economic success of the British colonies, especially in the South. It also significantly altered the demographics of the colonies.

It led to exploitation and conflict between the Spanish colonizers and the indigenous peoples.

Spanish focused on extracting resources (gold, silver) and converting natives. British focused on establishing settlements and cultivating cash crops like tobacco.

French often formed alliances with Native American tribes for fur trading. British relationships were more often marked by conflict and displacement of Native Americans.

The Spanish used the Encomienda system initially, while the British colonies relied heavily on chattel slavery, particularly in the South.

Spanish colonization led to a mixed-race population (mestizos) due to intermarriage. British colonies saw a significant increase in the population of enslaved Africans.

The French focused on fur trading and alliances with Native Americans, while the Spanish focused on extracting resources and converting natives.

The British focused on establishing permanent settlements and cultivating cash crops, while the Dutch focused on setting up trading posts.

The Spanish sought gold, God, and glory, while the French sought to control the Ohio River Valley and link their northern and southern holdings.

The British often engaged in conflict and displacement of Native Americans, while the Spanish often forced indigenous peoples to work for them through the encomienda system.

A Spanish labor system that forced indigenous peoples to work for Spanish colonizers.

An economic theory that promotes governmental regulation of a nation's economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers.

British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England.

Chattel slavery is when enslaved people are treated as personal property of the owner and can be bought and sold.

A person of mixed European and indigenous ancestry.

A labor system where people contracted to work for a fixed period in exchange for passage to the Americas.

An agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit.

The exchange of goods, ideas, and people between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

The action or process of settling among and establishing control over the indigenous people of an area.

A place or establishment where goods can be traded.