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Who was John Locke?
Enlightenment thinker who argued for natural rights (life, liberty, and property).
Who was Thomas Hobbes?
Philosopher who believed a strong, centralized government was necessary for order.
Who was Baron de Montesquieu?
Advocated for separation of powers and checks and balances in government.
Who was Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
Emphasized the social contract and the importance of the common good.
Who was Thomas Paine?
Author of 'Common Sense,' a powerful call for American independence.
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
Primary author of the Declaration of Independence.
Who was Richard Henry Lee?
Introduced the resolution calling for independence in the Second Continental Congress.
Who was John Adams?
Member of the Committee of Five and a key advocate for independence.
Who was Benjamin Franklin?
Member of the Committee of Five and a diplomat who secured foreign support for the revolution.
Who was Roger Sherman?
Member of the Committee of Five and a key figure in drafting the Declaration of Independence.
What was the significance of the publication of 'Common Sense'?
Shifted colonial sentiment towards independence and self-governance.
What was the Lee Resolution?
Declared the colonies to be 'free and independent States' on July 2, 1776.
What was the purpose of the Second Continental Congress?
To discuss independence from Britain and manage the colonial war effort.
What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
To explain the reasons for American independence and gain foreign support.
What is significant about July 4, 1776?
The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress.
What was the impact of Enlightenment ideas on the American Revolution?
Provided philosophical justification for natural rights and self-governance, influencing revolutionary thought.
What was the impact of the American Revolution?
Led to the creation of the United States of America, a nation founded on principles of liberty, equality, and self-governance.
What was the effect of the Enlightenment on religion?
The Enlightenment emphasized reason over revelation, leading to skepticism and challenges to traditional religious authority.
What was the effect of the Enlightenment on government?
The Enlightenment advocated for limited government, separation of powers, and protection of individual rights, influencing the development of democratic institutions.
What was the effect of the Enlightenment on society?
The Enlightenment promoted equality, individual liberty, and social reform, challenging traditional hierarchies and advocating for progress.
What is the Enlightenment?
An 18th-century European intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism.
What is 'Tabula Rasa'?
The idea that people are born as a blank slate, shaped by experiences.
What are natural rights?
Rights inherent to all humans, such as life, liberty, and property (Locke).
What is separation of powers?
Dividing government into different branches to prevent tyranny (Montesquieu).
What are checks and balances?
A system where different branches of government limit each other's power.
What is the social contract?
People give up some freedoms for government protection and benefits.
Define republicanism.
A political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.
What is democracy?
A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
Define aristocracy.
A form of government in which power is held by the nobility.
What is meant by 'self-governance'?
Political control exercised over one's own affairs; autonomy.