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What were the causes and effects of the Articles of Confederation's weakness in taxation?
Cause: The central government had no power to tax. Effect: The government was always short of money, hindering its ability to function effectively.
What were the causes and effects of the Articles' inability to regulate trade?
Cause: The central government had no power to regulate trade. Effect: States fought over trade, making it difficult to do business and hindering economic growth.
What were the causes and effects of the Articles' lack of enforcement power?
Cause: The central government had no power to enforce laws. Effect: The government depended on the states for law enforcement, leading to inconsistent application of laws.
What were the causes and effects of the 9/13 states requirement to enact laws?
Cause: Approval of 9/13 states was needed to enact laws. Effect: It was difficult to enact laws due to disagreements among the states, leading to gridlock.
What were the causes and effects of the unanimous amendment requirement?
Cause: 13/13 states needed to approve amendments. Effect: There was no practical way to change or amend the powers of the government when problems arose.
What were the causes and effects of having no executive branch under the Articles?
Cause: The government had no executive branch. Effect: There was no effective way to coordinate the work of the government.
What were the causes and effects of having no national court system under the Articles?
Cause: There was no national court system. Effect: The central government had no way to settle disputes among the states.
What were the causes and effects of Shay's Rebellion?
Causes: Heavy debt, high taxes, foreclosures. Effects: Exposed the weaknesses of the Articles, led to calls for a stronger central government, and the Constitutional Convention.
What were the causes and effects of the Land Ordinance of 1785?
Cause: Need to organize western lands and pay off national debt. Effect: Organized western lands, provided for public education, allowed the government to sell land.
What were the causes and effects of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
Cause: Need to establish a process for new states and address slavery. Effect: Established a process for new states, banned slavery in the Northwest Territory, set up territorial governance.
What was the significance of the creation of state constitutions?
They were the first experiments in self-rule after declaring independence, establishing key principles like bills of rights and yearly elections.
What was the Land Ordinance of 1785 and its date?
Organized western lands into townships, provided for public education, and allowed the government to sell land to pay off debt; 1785.
What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 and its date?
Established a process for new states to join the Union, banned slavery in the Northwest Territory, and set up territorial governance; 1787.
What was Shay's Rebellion and its dates?
Armed protests in Massachusetts (1786-1787) that exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and the need for a stronger central government.
Why was Massachusetts' ratification process significant?
Massachusetts submitted its constitution to the people for ratification, setting a precedent for the national Constitution.
What was the impact of Shay's Rebellion?
Exposed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and directly led to the Constitutional Convention.
What was the main purpose of the Articles of Confederation?
To establish a national government after the Revolutionary War, but it created a weak central government with limited powers.
What powers did the Articles of Confederation grant the central government?
Conducting foreign relations and regulating trade between states, but it could not tax or regulate commerce effectively.
What was a key feature of state constitutions after independence?
Each state constitution included bills of rights to protect individual liberties.
What was the effect of the Articles' inability to regulate trade?
States fought over trade, making it difficult to do business and hindering economic growth.
Who was Daniel Shays?
A Revolutionary War veteran who led Shay's Rebellion due to heavy debt and high taxes on farmers.