Causes: Federalist opposition to the War of 1812. Effects: Damaged the Federalist Party's reputation, leading to its decline.

Causes: Desire for land and economic opportunity. Effects: Conflict with Native Americans, displacement of indigenous populations.

Causes: Desire for economic self-sufficiency. Effects: Promoted domestic manufacturing and internal improvements, but faced opposition over constitutionality and regional favoritism.

Causes: Land speculation, declining agricultural prices, and bank failures. Effects: Economic downturn, bank closures, job losses.

Causes: Missouri's application for statehood as a slave state. Effects: Temporarily resolved the issue of slavery, but heightened sectional tensions.

Causes: US expansion into Native American lands. Effects: Increased tensions, the Battle of Tippecanoe, and ultimately the weakening of Native American resistance in the Old Northwest.

Causes: Seminole raids on US settlements and refuge for runaway slaves. Effects: US invasion of Spanish Florida, demonstrating US power and leading to the eventual acquisition of Florida.

Causes: Desire to stabilize currency and provide credit. Effects: Led to the Panic of 1819.

Causes: To promote American manufacturing. Effects: Increased the cost of imported goods, leading to regional tensions.

Causes: The United States wanted to secure access to the port of New Orleans and expand its territory. Effects: Doubled the size of the United States, opened vast new lands for settlement and agriculture, and raised questions about the expansion of slavery.

Former VP accused of plotting to create an independent state in the West.

A Shawnee religious leader who called for a return to traditional ways and rejection of American goods.

A Shawnee military leader who organized a confederacy to resist American expansion.

A leading politician who proposed the American System to promote economic self-sufficiency.

US General who defeated Tecumseh's forces at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

US General who invaded Spanish Florida during the First Seminole War.

A founding father and first Secretary of the Treasury, killed by Aaron Burr in a duel.

Third president of the United States.

Fourth president of the United States.

Proposed the Tallmadge Amendment to limit slavery in Missouri.

Efforts by groups to withdraw from a larger political entity, like the US.

Henry Clay's plan to make the US economically self-sufficient through tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Taxes on imported goods designed to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

Infrastructure projects like roads, canals, and railroads aimed at improving trade and transportation within a country.

The line established by the Missouri Compromise, prohibiting slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of this latitude.

A union of Native American tribes organized by Tecumseh to resist US expansion in the Old Northwest.

Policies aimed at promoting domestic economic growth and independence from foreign influence.

A group of Federalists who plotted to secede and form a 'Northern Confederacy'.

The practice of purchasing land with the expectation of selling it at a higher price in the future.

The state of being united as a nation, often referring to shared identity, purpose, and political cohesion.