What was the 13th Amendment?
Abolished slavery, but loopholes led to convict leasing and sharecropping.
What was the 14th Amendment?
Granted citizenship and equal protection, but Black Codes limited its impact.
What was the 15th Amendment?
Granted Black men the right to vote, but poll taxes and violence restricted it.
What was the Slaughterhouse Cases?
Weakened the 14th Amendment, limiting federal protection of civil rights.
What was the Cruikshank Case?
Ruled federal government couldn't prosecute individuals violating Black civil rights.
What was the Colfax Massacre?
An example of violence used to prevent Black people from voting.
What was the Gold Market Scheme?
Wall Street financiers tried to corner the gold market during Grant's presidency.
What was the Credit Mobilier Affair?
Insiders gave stock to Congressmen to avoid investigation of railroad profits.
What was the Whiskey Ring?
Federal agents defrauded the government of millions in liquor taxes.
What was the Compromise of 1877?
Hayes became president; military occupation ended, failing to protect Black rights.
Causes and effects of the 13th Amendment?
Cause: Civil War. Effect: Abolished slavery, but led to convict leasing.
Causes and effects of the 14th Amendment?
Cause: Need to protect Black civil rights. Effect: Citizenship granted, but undermined by Black Codes.
Causes and effects of the 15th Amendment?
Cause: Granting Black men suffrage. Effect: Poll taxes and violence restricted Black voting.
Causes and effects of Black Codes?
Cause: Southern desire to control Black population. Effect: Restricted Black rights, limited freedom.
Causes and effects of Jim Crow Laws?
Cause: Racial prejudice. Effect: Segregation and inequality in the South.
Causes and effects of the Compromise of 1877?
Cause: Disputed election. Effect: Ended Reconstruction, failed to protect Black rights.
Causes and effects of the Colfax Massacre?
Cause: White supremacy. Effect: Intimidation of Black voters, undermined Reconstruction.
Causes and effects of Grant's Scandals?
Cause: Corruption and greed. Effect: Weakened public trust in the government.
Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
President whose administration was marked by corruption and scandal.
Who was Rutherford B. Hayes?
Became president through the Compromise of 1877, ending Reconstruction.
