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What were the causes and effects of industrialization?
Causes: New technologies, availability of resources. Effects: Mass production, rise of big business, labor movements, urbanization, social inequality.
What were the causes and effects of urbanization?
Causes: Job opportunities in cities, migration from rural areas and immigration. Effects: Overcrowding, poor living conditions, rise of mass culture, social stratification.
What were the causes and effects of the Panic of 1893?
Causes: Over-speculation, deflation, railroad failures. Effects: Economic depression, unemployment, social unrest.
What were the causes and effects of westward expansion?
Causes: Desire for land, economic opportunities, Manifest Destiny. Effects: Displacement of Native Americans, conflicts, agricultural development, growth of railroads.
What were the causes and effects of the Great Migration?
Causes: Discrimination in the South, job opportunities in the North. Effects: Demographic shift, increased urbanization in the North, cultural changes.
What were the causes and effects of political corruption?
Causes: Greed, lack of regulation, influence of big business. Effects: Scandals, distrust in government, unfair business practices.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of labor movements?
Causes: Poor working conditions, low wages, long hours. Effects: Strikes, formation of unions, some improvements in working conditions.
What were the causes and effects of the rise of farmer's movements?
Causes: Economic hardship, high railroad rates, deflation. Effects: Formation of Grange and Populist Party, advocacy for policy changes.
What were the causes and effects of Social Darwinism?
Causes: Application of Darwin's theories to society. Effects: Justification of inequality, limited social reform, support for laissez-faire economics.
What were the causes and effects of new immigration patterns?
Causes: Economic opportunities in the US, political and religious persecution in Europe and Asia. Effects: Cultural diversity, urbanization, labor force expansion, nativism and discrimination.
Compare the Knights of Labor and the AFL.
Knights of Labor: Inclusive, aimed to unite all workers. AFL: Focused on skilled workers, collective bargaining, and practical gains.
Compare the Grange Movement and the Populist Party.
Grange: Focused on education and cooperation. Populist Party: Advocated for political and policy changes to help farmers.
Compare Realism and Naturalism in literature.
Both focused on social issues. Realism depicted life as it was. Naturalism attempted to apply scientific principles to the study of human beings.
Compare the experiences of wealthy elites and the working class during the Gilded Age.
Wealthy Elites: Lived lavish lifestyles. Working Class: Lived in poor conditions with limited access to leisure activities and opportunities.
Compare internal and international migration during the Gilded Age.
Internal: Rural-to-urban, Great Migration. International: Immigrants from Europe and Asia. Both reshaped American society and demographics.
Compare the goals of the National Labor Union and the American Federation of Labor.
National Labor Union: Broad goals including worker rights and shorter hours. AFL: Focused on practical gains for skilled workers through collective bargaining.
Compare the reactions to industrialization from farmers and urban workers.
Farmers: Organized through Grange and Populist movements to address economic hardships. Urban workers: Formed labor unions to fight for better wages and working conditions.
Compare the causes of the Credit Mobilier Scandal and Tammany Hall's corruption.
Credit Mobilier: Involved bribes for railroad contracts. Tammany Hall: Controlled city government through bribery and voter fraud. Both reflect political corruption during the Gilded Age.
Compare the impacts of the Panic of 1873 and the Panic of 1893.
Both were major economic downturns. The Panic of 1893 was more severe due to over-speculation and deflation, leading to widespread unemployment and unrest.
Compare the views of Social Darwinists and proponents of social reform.
Social Darwinists: Justified inequality and opposed intervention. Social reformers: Advocated for government intervention to address social problems and inequality.
Compare the effectiveness of early labor unions (like the Knights of Labor) with that of the AFL.
Early unions: often idealistic but less effective due to broad membership and goals. AFL: more effective due to focus on skilled workers and practical gains.
What was the National Labor Union (1866)?
An early labor union that aimed for better wages, shorter hours, and worker rights.
What was the Knights of Labor (1869)?
A labor organization that tried to unite all workers, regardless of skill, advocating for a more inclusive labor movement.
What was the American Federation of Labor (1881)?
A labor federation focused on skilled workers and collective bargaining to achieve practical gains.
What was the Grange Movement (1867)?
A movement focused on education, cooperation, and political action to help farmers.
What was the Populist Party (1891)?
A political party that advocated for policies like free silver, a graduated income tax, and nationalizing railroads.
What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal?
A political scandal involving bribes to Congress for favorable railroad contracts.
What was the Panic of 1893?
A major economic downturn caused by over-speculation and deflation.
What was the Great Migration?
The movement of African Americans from the South to the North seeking better opportunities and escaping discrimination.
What was the impact of westward expansion?
Led to the forced removal of Native Americans from their lands and conflicts with other ethnic groups.
What was Tammany Hall?
A notorious political machine that controlled New York City politics through bribery and voter fraud.
What was the eight-hour workday movement?
A labor movement that fought for and achieved some success in establishing an eight-hour workday.