A leader in the Civil Rights Movement advocating nonviolent civil disobedience.

Civil rights activist whose refusal to give up her seat on a bus sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

An African American Muslim minister and human rights activist, advocating for Black empowerment.

First African American Supreme Court Justice and lawyer for the NAACP in Brown v. Board of Education.

Civil rights activist who served as the NAACP's first field secretary in Mississippi.

A prominent figure in the Civil Rights Movement and the Black Power movement.

A leader in the Civil Rights Movement and later a U.S. Congressman.

A voting rights activist and civil rights leader.

Co-founder of the Black Panther Party.

Co-founder of the Black Panther Party.

Supreme Court case that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.

A civil rights protest during which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating.

A large political rally that took place in Washington, D.C. advocating for the civil and economic rights of African Americans.

Landmark legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Legislation that outlawed discriminatory voting practices, such as literacy tests, that had been responsible for widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans.

Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States to challenge the non-enforcement of Supreme Court decisions.

A series of three protest marches, held in 1965, that marked the political and emotional peak of the American civil rights movement.

A large-scale riot which lasted for 6 days in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, in August 1965.

A political organization founded in 1966 to challenge police brutality against the African American community.

Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee, a pivotal moment that led to widespread riots and grief.

Cause: Segregated schools. Effect: Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional, leading to desegregation efforts.

Cause: Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to give up her seat. Effect: Desegregation of Montgomery buses and rise of MLK.

Cause: Decades of discrimination and activism. Effect: Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Cause: Discriminatory voting practices. Effect: Outlawed literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices, increasing Black voter registration.

Cause: Racial tensions and opposition to Civil Rights. Effect: Widespread riots and grief, but also increased support for civil rights legislation.

Cause: Resistance to desegregation of interstate travel. Effect: Increased awareness of segregation and federal intervention.

Cause: Obstruction of voting rights for African Americans. Effect: Increased pressure on Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Cause: Police brutality and racial inequality. Effect: Increased awareness of the issues facing African Americans in urban areas.

Cause: Dissatisfaction with nonviolent methods and police brutality. Effect: Advocated for self-defense and community empowerment.

Cause: To redress past and present discrimination. Effect: Increased opportunities for underrepresented groups, but also controversy over fairness.