What is a Land-Based Empire?
Empires primarily focused on land expansion and administration between 1450-1750, ruled by absolute monarchs.
Define the Sakoku Policy.
Japan's policy of strict isolation from the rest of the world under the Tokugawa Shogunate.
What is the Forbidden City?
A significant cultural achievement of the Ming Dynasty in China.
What are quipus?
A system of record-keeping used by the Inca Empire.
What is the significance of the Treasure Fleet?
A trade expansion initiative during the Ming Dynasty.
What does 'absolute monarchy' mean?
A system of government where the monarch holds supreme autocratic authority, principally not being restricted by written laws, legislature, or customs.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.
Define 'cultural achievements'.
Significant accomplishments in arts, literature, architecture, and other cultural aspects of a society.
What is a 'Shogunate'?
A form of military dictatorship in Japan, exemplified by the Tokugawa Shogunate.
What is the significance of the '95 Theses'?
Written by Martin Luther in 1517, they sparked the Protestant Reformation and challenged the Catholic Church's authority.
Who was Osman I?
Founder of the Ottoman Empire.
Who was Ismail I?
Founder of the Safavid Empire, establishing Shia Islam as the official religion.
Who was Sonni Ali?
Founder of the Songhai Empire.
Who was Babur?
Founder of the Mughal Empire, with lineage to Timur and Genghis Khan.
Who was Catherine the Great?
Expanded the Russian Empire and oversaw major cultural achievements.
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
Founder of the French Empire, impacting European politics.
Who was Martin Luther?
Initiated the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses.
Who was Emperor Aurangzeb?
Mughal emperor whose death weakened the empire.
Who was Tokugawa?
Unified Japan under a military dictatorship, leading to the Edo Period.
Who was Genghis Khan?
A historical figure with lineage to Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire.
What were the causes and effects of improved gunpowder technology?
Cause: Development of new weapons. Effect: More decisive wars and efficient conquests.
What were the causes and effects of the Sakoku Policy?
Cause: Desire for stability and control. Effect: Isolation of Japan, economic and cultural development.
What were the causes and effects of religious conflicts within empires?
Cause: Religious differences. Effect: Internal unrest and weakening of empires.
What were the causes and effects of the Columbian Exchange?
Cause: Exploration and colonization of the Americas. Effect: Widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, and diseases.
What were the causes and effects of the weakening of the Mughal Empire?
Cause: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb. Effect: Eventual decline and takeover by the British East India Company.
What were the causes and effects of the Protestant Reformation?
Cause: Martin Luther's 95 Theses. Effect: Challenging the Catholic Church's authority and religious conflicts.
What were the causes and effects of the expansion of trade routes?
Cause: Desire for resources and economic growth. Effect: Increased wealth and power for land-based empires.
What were the causes and effects of the decline of nomadic empires?
Cause: Rise of centralized land-based empires and improved military technology. Effect: More room for land-based empires to expand.
What were the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution?
Cause: Social and economic inequality, political unrest. Effect: End of the Russian Empire and establishment of the Soviet Union.
What were the causes and effects of the Taiping Rebellion?
Cause: Internal unrest and social inequality in China. Effect: Weakening of the Qing Dynasty.
