Queen Nzinga fought against Portuguese colonization in Angola, initially allying with them, then switching sides to the Dutch.

A major serf uprising in Russia led by Yemelyan Pugachev against Catherine the Great.

Hindu Marathas rebelled against the Muslim Mughal Empire, eventually leading to the empire's decline.

The Pueblo people revolted against Spanish rule in present-day New Mexico, temporarily driving them out.

Native American tribes, led by Metacom, fought against British colonists in New England.

William of Orange overthrew King James II of England, leading to a constitutional monarchy.

A multiracial rebellion of enslaved Africans and white indentured servants demanding freedom in the British American colonies.

The Dutch teamed up with Queen Nzinga and kicked the Portuguese's butts in 1647!

The Pueblo people kicked the Spanish out for 10 days!

The colonists ultimately defeated the Natives, marking a major blow to indigenous power in the region.

A 17th-century African ruler who resisted Portuguese colonization in Angola.

Empress of Russia who modernized the country but faced the Pugachev Rebellion.

The leader of a major serf rebellion against Catherine the Great in Russia.

Mughal leader killed by the Marathas, marking the decline of the Mughal Empire.

The leader of the Pueblo Revolt against Spanish rule.

Also known as King Philip, he led Native American tribes against British colonists in Metacom's War.

Overthrew King James II in the Glorious Revolution and became King of England.

The Catholic King whose anti-Protestant policies led to the Glorious Revolution.

The warrior who founded the Maratha Empire.

The founder of the Mughal Empire.

Both were driven by a desire to maintain autonomy against European expansion, but the Pueblo Revolt had more initial success.

Both were rebellions against established authority, but one was internal (serfs vs. Russian government) and the other external (Native Americans vs. British colonists).

Both involved challenges to existing power structures, but one was a religious/ethnic conflict, and the other was a political/religious conflict.

Russian serfdom was unique because it tied peasants to the land with strict laws, unlike the gradual decline of serfdom in Western Europe.

The Mughal Empire was a Muslim state known for its centralized government and cultural achievements, while the Maratha Empire was a Hindu state known for its powerful military.

The Gloucester County Rebellion sought freedom from slavery and indentured servitude, while Metacom's War aimed to reclaim Native land from British colonists.

The Pueblo Revolt was caused by Spanish oppression and forced conversion, while Metacom's War was caused by British colonial expansion.

The Pugachev Rebellion was crushed, leading to harsher conditions for serfs, while the Glorious Revolution led to a constitutional monarchy and the English Bill of Rights.

The Maratha rebellion was driven by conflict between Hindu and Muslim communities, while the Glorious Revolution was driven by conflict between Protestants and Catholics.

Queen Nzinga was a warrior and diplomat who led troops in battle, while Catherine the Great was a politically savvy empress who modernized Russia.