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Compare Japanese and Russian industrialization.
Japan's was more rapid and comprehensive, driven by internal reforms. Russia's was uneven, state-led, and relied on foreign investment.
Compare the outcomes of industrialization in Japan and Egypt.
Japan became a major global power, while Egypt became economically dependent on Europe.
Compare State-Led and Laissez-faire Capitalism.
State-led is when the government actively directs economic development through policies, investments, and regulations. Laissez-faire capitalism is where the market is largely unregulated.
What is State-Led Industrialization?
Government actively directs economic development through policies, investments, and regulations.
Define Sakoku.
Japan's period of self-imposed isolation from the outside world.
What was the Meiji Restoration?
A period of rapid modernization and westernization in Japan from 1868-1912.
Define Bushido.
The code of conduct followed by the Samurai, emphasizing honor and courage.
What are Protectionist Tariffs?
Government-imposed taxes on imported goods to protect domestic industries.
What is a Constitutional Monarchy?
A system of government where the monarch's power is limited by a constitution.
What is infrastructure?
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
What are government subsidies?
Financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (or generally) with the aim of promoting economic and social policy.
What is imperialism?
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
What is economic dependence?
A situation in which less developed countries depend on developed countries for economic assistance, trade, and investment.
What was the significance of Perry's arrival in Japan (1853)?
Forced Japan to end its isolationist policy and begin modernization.
What were the key changes of the Meiji Restoration (1868-1912)?
End of feudalism, constitutional monarchy, equality before the law, military reorganization, education expansion, infrastructure development, and government subsidies.
What was the impact of the Abolition of Serfdom in Russia (1861)?
Allowed serfs to move to cities and work in factories, contributing to industrial growth.
What was the goal of Muhammad Ali's reforms in Egypt (1830s)?
To industrialize Egypt and strengthen it against the Ottoman Empire.
What was the impact of the Trans-Siberian Railway?
A major infrastructure project that boosted Russian industrialization by connecting vast regions.
What was the result of the end of Feudalism in Japan?
Centralized government.
What was the result of military reorganization in Japan?
They built a modern army with conscription (mandatory military service).
What was the result of education expansion in Japan?
More schools were built to train the next generation of engineers and thinkers.
What was the result of infrastructure development in Japan?
Railroads and roads were built to connect the country.
What was the result of government subsidies in Japan?
The government helped out key industries like tea, silk, shipbuilding, and sake.