The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

A situation in which one country has a significant degree of economic control over another.

A form of colonialism involving large-scale immigration and settlers displacing indigenous populations to take land.

The decline of industrial activity in a region or economy.

The application of Darwinian ideas of evolution and 'survival of the fittest' to human societies as a justification for imperialist expansion.

The rule of the British Crown in India between 1858 and 1947.

A set of historical policies that aimed to exclude people of non-European ethnic origin from immigrating to Australia.

A system of labor where individuals work to pay off a debt, often used after the abolition of the slave trade.

A meeting of European powers in 1884 to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa, leading to the partitioning of the continent.

A treaty signed in 1842, ending the First Opium War, marking the beginning of unequal treaties between China and Western powers.

A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold, such as coffee, palm oil, or cotton.

A geographic area with high ethnic concentration, characteristic cultural identity, and economic activity.

A British businessman, mining magnate, and politician in South Africa who played a dominant role in British colonial policies.

The King of Belgium who established the Congo Free State as his personal colony and oversaw brutal exploitation of its resources and people.

The leader of a large Andean uprising against the Spanish in Peru, taking his name from the last Incan monarch.

A West African Muslim cleric and military leader who fought against French colonial rule in the late 19th century.

The Queen Mother of Ejisu in the Ashanti Empire - led the Ashanti rebellion against British colonialism in Ghana.

Marked the beginning of unequal treaties between China and Western powers, forcing China to open its ports and cede territory.

A widespread uprising against British rule in India, triggered by controversial rifle cartridges greased with animal fat.

Formalized the division of Africa among European powers, disregarding existing African political and ethnic boundaries.

Demonstrated Japan's growing military power and resulted in Japan gaining control over Korea and Taiwan.

Resulted in the US acquiring territories such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, marking the rise of the US as an imperial power.

An indigenous uprising in Peru against Spanish colonial rule, led by José Gabriel Condorcanqui (Tupac Amaru II).

The discovery of diamonds in Kimberley, South Africa, led to a diamond rush and increased British involvement in the region.

A crucial waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, facilitating trade and shortening sea routes between Europe and Asia.

An anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising in China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty.

A political revolution in 1868 that brought about the modernization and industrialization of Japan.

A millenarian movement in 1856–1857 in present-day South Africa, led by the Xhosa people, who destroyed their own livestock and crops in the belief that it would bring about the return of their ancestors and drive out the European settlers.

Also known as the War of the Golden Stool, was the final war in a series of conflicts between the Ashanti people of present-day Ghana and the British colonial authorities.