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What was the impact of improved transportation on migration?
Steamships and railroads facilitated long-distance migration by making travel faster and more accessible.
What was the significance of rural to urban migration?
Millions moved to cities for jobs, leading to rapid urbanization and its associated challenges like overcrowding and poverty.
Describe intra-European migration.
Movement within Europe, often from rural areas to industrial cities, driven by the search for employment.
What were common challenges faced by migrants in urban areas?
Overcrowding, poverty, and discrimination were common experiences for many migrants moving to cities.
What led to increased long-distance migration?
Population growth and improved transportation technologies (steamships and railroads).
What was a key characteristic of migration patterns during 1750-1900?
Many migrants were laborers seeking work, sometimes crossing the Atlantic multiple times a year.
Describe the nature of migration during harvest seasons.
Some laborers crossed the Atlantic multiple times a year to work harvests in different hemispheres.
What was the main destination for transatlantic migrants?
The Americas, particularly the United States, due to perceived economic opportunities.
What was the primary motivation for Asian migrants?
Seeking labor opportunities in various parts of Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific.
What was the impact of migration on cities?
Rapid urbanization, overcrowding, and increased social challenges.
What were the causes and effects of economic hardship on migration?
Cause: Poverty and lack of jobs. Effect: People migrated in search of better economic opportunities.
What were the causes and effects of political instability on migration?
Cause: Persecution and war. Effect: People migrated to find safer environments and better governance.
What were the causes and effects of natural disasters on migration?
Cause: Famines and droughts. Effect: People migrated to areas with more sustainable living conditions.
What were the causes and effects of improved transportation on migration?
Cause: Steamships and railroads. Effect: Increased long-distance migration and easier access to new locations.
What were the causes and effects of rural to urban migration?
Cause: Search for jobs. Effect: Rapid urbanization, overcrowding, and social challenges in cities.
What were the causes and effects of family reunification on migration?
Cause: Desire to join family. Effect: Increased migration to specific locations where family members had already settled.
What were the causes and effects of transatlantic migration?
Cause: Economic opportunities in the Americas. Effect: Significant population shifts and cultural exchange.
What were the causes and effects of Asian migration?
Cause: Labor demands in various regions. Effect: Spread of Asian culture and labor force contributions.
What were the causes and effects of urbanization?
Cause: Rural to urban migration. Effect: Overcrowding, poverty, and discrimination in cities.
What were the causes and effects of population growth on migration?
Cause: Increased population. Effect: Greater pressure on resources and increased migration for opportunities.
What are push factors?
Reasons that compel people to leave their home country, such as economic hardship, political instability, or natural disasters.
What are pull factors?
Reasons that attract people to a new country, such as economic opportunities, political stability, or family reunification.
Define economic hardship as a push factor.
Poverty, lack of jobs, and limited land access that force people to seek better opportunities elsewhere.
Define political instability as a push factor.
Persecution, war, and oppressive governments that cause people to flee their home countries for safety.
Define natural disasters as a push factor.
Famines, droughts, and earthquakes that make living conditions unsustainable, leading to migration.
Define economic opportunities as a pull factor.
Jobs, higher wages, and land availability that attract migrants seeking better financial prospects.
Define political stability as a pull factor.
Safer environments and better governance that draw migrants seeking refuge and security.
Define family reunification as a pull factor.
The desire to join family members who have already migrated, encouraging further migration.
What is transatlantic migration?
The movement of people, primarily Europeans, across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas in search of economic opportunities.
What is Asian migration?
The movement of laborers from China and Japan to other parts of Asia, the Americas, and the Pacific for work.