What was the significance of the Industrial Revolution regarding migration?
It created new jobs in urban areas, attracting rural populations and fueling both internal and international migration.
What was the impact of the transatlantic slave trade?
Millions of Africans were forcibly taken to the Americas, creating a devastating demographic and social impact on both continents.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
A US law that banned Chinese immigration, reflecting anti-Chinese sentiment and economic competition.
What was the White Australia Policy (1901-1973)?
A set of Australian policies aimed at restricting non-white immigration to maintain a white-majority population.
What was the effect of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)?
Targeted political opponents, not immigrants, restricting immigration and freedom of speech.
What was the effect of Irish migration to North America?
Formed in cities like Boston and New York. Involved in manual labor and service jobs. Provided community support despite facing discrimination.
What was the effect of Italian migration to Argentina?
Settled in neighborhoods like La Boca in Buenos Aires. Worked in construction and manual labor. Enriched Argentine culture with their language, food, and customs.
What was the effect of Chinese migration to Southeast Asia?
Established around trade, especially in rubber and tin. Preserved culture through schools and temples.
What was the effect of Indian migration to Africa?
Involved in trade and commerce, particularly in port cities. Maintained cultural practices through social institutions.
What was the effect of Indian migration to the Caribbean?
Developed due to the indentured labor system. Preserved cultural identity through social institutions.
What were the causes and effects of rural to urban migration in Europe?
Causes: Industrial Revolution created job opportunities in cities. Effects: Rural depopulation and shift in labor market from agriculture to industry.
What were the causes and effects of the transatlantic slave trade?
Causes: Demand for labor in the Americas. Effects: Devastating population decline and societal disruption in Africa, and the creation of racial hierarchies in the Americas.
What were the causes and effects of the Chinese Exclusion Act?
Causes: Anti-Chinese sentiment and economic competition in the US. Effects: Banned Chinese immigration and reinforced discriminatory attitudes.
What were the causes and effects of the White Australia Policy?
Causes: Desire to maintain a white-majority population in Australia. Effects: Restricted non-white immigration, particularly from Asia.
What were the causes and effects of poverty in Europe?
Causes: Lack of economic opportunity and resources. Effects: Emigration to the Americas.
What were the causes and effects of persecution in Europe?
Causes: Religious and political intolerance. Effects: Emigration to the Americas.
What were the causes and effects of economic opportunities in the Americas?
Causes: Abundance of land and resources. Effects: Immigration from Europe and Asia.
What were the causes and effects of the enclaves?
Causes: Desire to maintain cultural identity and community support. Effects: Preservation of culture, discrimination, and marginalization.
What were the causes and effects of the Irish migration to North America?
Causes: Famine and poverty in Ireland. Effects: Formation of Irish enclaves in cities like Boston and New York.
What were the causes and effects of the Italian migration to Argentina?
Causes: Economic opportunities in Argentina. Effects: Enrichment of Argentine culture with Italian language, food, and customs.
What is a 'push factor' in migration?
Reasons that compel people to leave their homelands, such as poverty, persecution, or lack of opportunities.
What is a 'pull factor' in migration?
Reasons that attract people to new locations, such as economic opportunities, religious freedom, or political stability.
Define 'rural to urban' migration.
The movement of people from countryside areas to cities, often in search of employment and better living conditions.
What is 'transatlantic migration'?
The movement of people, especially Europeans, across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas.
Define 'forced migration'.
Migration in which people are compelled to move against their will, often due to violence, enslavement, or persecution.
What are 'enclaves'?
Distinct communities within a larger society where immigrants maintain their cultural identity, often centered around ethnicity or nationality.
What is 'rural depopulation'?
The decline in population in rural areas, often as a result of migration to urban centers.
Define 'brain drain'.
The emigration of highly skilled or educated individuals from a country, resulting in a loss of valuable human capital.
What is the 'indentured labor system'?
A system where individuals contract to work for a set period of time in exchange for passage to a new country or region.
What is meant by 'racial hierarchy'?
A system of social stratification based on race, where certain racial groups are considered superior to others, leading to unequal treatment and opportunities.
