Belief that a nation should maintain a strong military and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Agreements between nations to support each other in case of war or conflict.

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

Identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.

A political ideology that emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader.

A political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

A diplomatic policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict.

The deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group.

The process by which colonies become independent from the colonizing nation.

A state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (United States, its NATO allies and others).

WWI: Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism. WWII: Unresolved issues from WWI, rise of fascism, appeasement.

WWI: Redrawing of European map, League of Nations. WWII: UN, Cold War, decolonization.

Fascism: Nationalistic, authoritarian, private property allowed. Communism: Internationalist, totalitarian, state-controlled economy.

League of Nations: Weak, lacked US participation, failed to prevent WWII. United Nations: Stronger, more inclusive, more effective at peacekeeping.

Industrialization fueled militarism and imperialism, creating more powerful nations. New weapons led to drastic increases in casualties and destruction.

Marshall Plan: US aid to rebuild Western Europe, prevent communism. Warsaw Pact: Soviet response, military alliance of Eastern European nations.

Mexican Revolution: Primarily a social and political revolution focused on land reform. Chinese Revolution: Communist revolution focused on overthrowing the existing government and establishing a communist state.

Short-term: Widespread unemployment, poverty, bank failures. Long-term: Rise of extremist ideologies, increased government intervention in the economy, WWII.

India: British colonialism, economic exploitation, cultural suppression. Africa: European colonization, resource extraction, political domination.

First World War: Collapse of empires, creation of new nations, rise of new ideologies. Second World War: Division of Europe, rise of superpowers, beginning of the Cold War.

Led to the redrawing of European boundaries, the collapse of empires, and the rise of new nations. Set the stage for future conflicts.

Overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and led to the establishment of the Soviet Union, the world's first communist state.

A severe worldwide economic depression that led to widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest.

The deadliest conflict in human history, resulting in the deaths of millions and the reshaping of the global political order. Led to the creation of the UN.

The systematic genocide of European Jews and other minority groups by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Led to the establishment of the People's Republic of China under the leadership of Mao Zedong.

Brought the United States into World War II, shifting the balance of power against the Axis powers.

Mass slaughter of Tutsi in Rwanda by members of the Hutu majority government.

The systematic destruction of the Armenian people by the Ottoman government.

Meetings of the Allied victors, following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.