A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country, often leading to a desire for self-determination.

The right of a people to choose their own government and political status.

The process by which colonies gain independence from their colonizers.

Opposition to colonialism, empire-building, and the expansion of a nation's authority over other territories.

A situation where a dominant power loses influence, creating an opportunity for other powers to rise.

A period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, characterized by ideological conflict, proxy wars, and the threat of nuclear war.

A conflict where opposing powers use third parties as substitutes instead of fighting each other directly.

A region within which one state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military, or political influence.

An economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

A political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Collapse of empires, economic devastation in Germany, rise of nationalism in colonies, and the initial push for self-determination.

Intensified anti-imperialist sentiment, devastation of Western Europe, the rise of the US and USSR as superpowers, and the beginning of the Cold War.

Irish and Korean Declarations of Independence.

It created a power vacuum filled by the US and USSR.

A clash between the capitalist United States and the communist USSR, shaping global politics.

Instead of direct conflict, the U.S. and USSR engaged in proxy wars, supporting opposing sides in conflicts around the world.

The constant threat of nuclear war created a climate of fear and tension worldwide.

Nationalist movements gained momentum, and many colonies achieved independence through negotiation, protest, or armed struggle.

Political instability, economic hardship, and the legacy of colonial rule.

Both superpowers sought allies among newly independent nations, influencing their political and economic systems.

Causes: Imperial rivalries, nationalism, alliances. Effects: Collapse of empires, economic hardship, rise of nationalism in colonies.

Causes: Unresolved issues from WWI, rise of fascism, expansionism. Effects: Devastation of Europe, rise of superpowers, beginning of the Cold War.

Causes: Ideological differences, power vacuum after WWII, Soviet expansionism. Effects: Proxy wars, nuclear threat, division of the world into spheres of influence.

Causes: Nationalism, weakening of European powers, desire for self-determination. Effects: Independence of colonies, political instability, economic challenges.

It contributed to the rise of extremist ideologies.

They expected greater autonomy, if not full independence.

The alliance between the U.S. and USSR quickly dissolved due to disagreements about the future of Europe and the post-war order, leading to the Cold War.

It created a climate of fear and tension worldwide.

Fueled by the desire for self-determination and the weakening of European powers, nationalist movements gained momentum in colonies worldwide.

Both superpowers sought allies among newly independent nations.