In 1948, the US and allies airlifted supplies to West Berlin after the Soviets blocked access.

A war from 1950-1953 between Communist North Korea (backed by China and the USSR) vs. capitalist South Korea (backed by the UN, primarily the US).

A war from 1955-1975 between North Vietnam (supported by the USSR and China) vs. South Vietnam (supported by the US), ending with a communist victory.

A conflict from 1975-2002 between the socialist MPLA (backed by the USSR and Cuba) vs. the anti-communist UNITA (supported by the US and apartheid South Africa).

A conflict from 1979-1990 between the communist-leaning Sandinista government in Nicaragua (supported by the USSR) vs. the Contras (supported by the US).

The Soviet launch of Sputnik marked the beginning of the Space Race and demonstrated Soviet technological capabilities.

The US Apollo 11 moon landing was a major milestone in the Space Race and demonstrated US technological superiority.

The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 and fell in 1989.

NATO was formed in 1949.

The Warsaw Pact was formed in 1955.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, formed in 1949 by Western nations to counter Soviet expansion and support capitalism.

A military alliance created in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European allies to counter NATO.

A conflict where opposing sides use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly.

A competition between the US and USSR to achieve milestones in space exploration, reflecting technological and military power.

A physical and symbolic barrier dividing East and West Berlin from 1961-1989, symbolizing the Cold War division of Europe.

A situation where neither side in a conflict can gain an advantage or achieve a decisive victory, resulting in a deadlock.

A struggle between different sets of beliefs, values, and principles, often shaping political and social systems.

An area where military activities and structures are prohibited, often separating conflicting parties.

A U.S. foreign policy strategy to prevent the spread of communism during the Cold War.

A doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.

Cause: Soviet attempt to control all of Berlin. Effect: Western Allies organized the Berlin Airlift to supply West Berlin.

Cause: Competition for technological and military dominance. Effect: Advancements in space technology and increased Cold War tensions.

Cause: Communist North Korea's invasion of South Korea. Effect: Stalemate, division of Korea, and increased US involvement in Asia.

Cause: Communist North Vietnam's attempt to unify Vietnam under communist rule. Effect: US withdrawal, communist victory, and significant social and political changes in the US.

Cause: Cold War rivalry and internal political struggles in Angola. Effect: Prolonged conflict, devastation, and involvement of external powers.

Cause: Rise of the Sandinista government in Nicaragua and US opposition. Effect: Internal conflict, US intervention, and political instability in Nicaragua.

Cause: Fear of Soviet expansion in Europe. Effect: Creation of a military alliance to deter Soviet aggression and protect Western Europe.

Cause: Response to the formation of NATO and desire to exert influence over Eastern Europe. Effect: Creation of a military alliance to counter NATO and solidify Soviet control in Eastern Europe.

Cause: To prevent East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin. Effect: Symbolized the division of Europe and the Cold War ideological divide.

Cause: Economic stagnation in the Soviet Union, political reforms in Eastern Europe, and increased pressure from the West. Effect: Collapse of the Soviet Union, end of the Cold War, and shift in global power dynamics.