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What were the causes and effects of Francisco Franco's rule in Spain?
Cause: Spanish Civil War, desire for authoritarian control. Effect: Thousands of political opponents killed, suppression of regional cultures, Catholic dominance.
What were the causes and effects of Idi Amin's rule in Uganda?
Cause: Military coup, desire for absolute power. Effect: Persecution of tribes, expulsion of Asians, economic decline.
What were the causes and effects of Augusto Pinochet's rule in Chile?
Cause: Military coup, opposition to socialist policies. Effect: Human rights abuses, reversal of land reforms, economic changes.
What were the causes and effects of the Salt March?
Cause: British salt laws. Effect: Increased awareness of Indian independence movement, inspired further civil disobedience.
What were the causes and effects of the 9/11 attacks?
Cause: Al-Qaeda's opposition to U.S. foreign policy. Effect: U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, increased security measures, global war on terror.
What were the causes and effects of the Shining Path insurgency in Peru?
Cause: Socioeconomic inequality, Maoist ideology. Effect: Violent conflict, destabilization of the government, significant loss of life.
What were the causes and effects of Apartheid in South Africa?
Cause: White minority rule, racial prejudice. Effect: Institutionalized segregation, oppression of black Africans, international condemnation.
What were the causes and effects of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Cause: Segregation on public buses in Montgomery, Alabama. Effect: Increased awareness of racial injustice, rise of Martin Luther King Jr., desegregation of buses in Montgomery.
What were the causes and effects of Nelson Mandela's imprisonment?
Cause: Anti-apartheid activism, sabotage against government properties. Effect: Symbol of resistance against apartheid, international pressure on South Africa, eventual release and negotiation for democracy.
What were the causes and effects of the Soweto Uprising?
Cause: Introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in local schools. Effect: Increased resistance to apartheid, international attention, government crackdown.
What is apartheid?
Institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa.
What is civil disobedience?
The refusal to comply with certain laws or demands of a government for the purpose of influencing legislation or policy, characterized by nonviolent resistance.
What is meant by 'military-industrial complex'?
The close relationship between the military and the defense industry that can influence public policy.
Define Jihad.
A struggle that Muslims experience, which can be internal or external.
What is meant by nonviolent protest?
A form of resistance against established power structures without the use of violence.
Define insurgency.
An organized rebellion aimed at overthrowing a constituted government through the use of subversion and armed conflict.
What is a negative feedback loop?
A process where the output of a system inhibits or reduces the activity of the system.
What is meant by political oppression?
Unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power.
What is communism?
A political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
What is a boycott?
A form of protest involving the refusal to purchase goods or services from a specific company or country.
Who was Francisco Franco?
A dictator who ruled Spain from 1936-1975, known for oppressing political opponents.
Who was Idi Amin?
A dictator who ruled Uganda from 1971-1979, known for human rights abuses and expulsions.
Who was Augusto Pinochet?
A dictator who ruled Chile from 1974-1990, known for human rights abuses and reversing land reforms.
Who was Abimael Guzmán?
The leader of the Shining Path, a Maoist guerrilla group in Peru.
Who was Osama bin Laden?
The founder of al-Qaeda, a terrorist organization.
Who was Mahatma Gandhi?
The leader of the Indian nationalist movement, known for his nonviolent protest methods.
Who was Martin Luther King, Jr.?
A leader of the American Civil Rights Movement, inspired by Gandhi's nonviolent methods.
Who was Nelson Mandela?
An anti-apartheid revolutionary and former President of South Africa.
Who was Steve Biko?
An anti-apartheid activist in South Africa, known for his role in the Black Consciousness Movement.
Who was Desmond Tutu?
A South African Anglican cleric and theologian, known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist.