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What is the Meiji Restoration?
Rapid modernization and industrialization of Japan after 1868.
What were the Tanzimat Reforms?
Ottoman attempts to modernize and westernize, including legal and bureaucratic changes.
What was the Self-Strengthening Movement?
Qing China's attempt to modernize through factories, railroads, and Western-style education.
Define Imperialism.
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.
What is Nationalism?
Identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
What was the Duma?
A legislative assembly created in Russia after the 1905 Revolution.
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
An anti-foreign uprising in China aimed at expelling Western influence.
What does modernization mean?
The process of adapting something to modern needs or habits.
What is Westernization?
Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture.
What is a bureaucracy?
A system of government in which most of the important decisions are taken by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
Who was Mao Zedong?
Leader of the Communist Party in China, rose to power after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
Who were the Young Turks?
Reformers who launched a revolution in the Ottoman Empire in 1908.
What were the causes and effects of the Tanzimat Reforms?
Causes: Ottoman decline, desire for modernization. Effects: Abolition of slave trade, new legal code, but limited success due to corruption.
What were the causes and effects of the Self-Strengthening Movement?
Causes: Internal struggles, foreign imperialism in China. Effects: Modern factories, railroads, but ultimately ineffective due to government resistance.
What were the causes and effects of the Boxer Rebellion?
Causes: Anti-foreign sentiment in China. Effects: Further weakening of the Qing Dynasty.
What were the causes and effects of the Russo-Japanese War?
Causes: Russian expansionism, Japanese desire for recognition. Effects: Exposed Russian weakness, rise of Japan as a major power.
What were the causes and effects of the Russian Revolution?
Causes: Political instability, economic mismanagement, social unrest. Effects: Overthrow of the Russian Empire, establishment of the Soviet Union.
What were the causes and effects of the fall of the Qing Dynasty?
Causes: Internal rebellions, foreign imperialism, ineffective reforms. Effects: End of imperial rule, rise of the Republic of China.
What were the causes of the rise of Japan?
Rapid modernization after the Meiji Restoration.
What were the effects of the rise of the United States?
Emergence as a global power after acquiring territories.
What were the effects of the 1905 Revolution in Russia?
Weakened the empire and led to the establishment of the Duma (parliament).